Sofa Glossary: A to Z of Sofa Terms

Sofa Glossary: A to Z of Sofa Terms

Sofa shopping comes with its own vocabulary, from leather grades like full-grain and aniline to construction terms like pocket springs and sinuous springs. This glossary explains each term in plain language, so a product description or a showroom conversation makes sense without guesswork.

Each entry gives a short, practical definition rather than a technical specification sheet. Where a term connects to a longer explanation, our guides on leather, fabric and cushions go into more depth. Browse the full list below, or return here whenever an unfamiliar word comes up while you are reading a product page or one of our guides.

A

  • Aniline leatherAniline leather is dyed all the way through with soluble dyes and left with no surface coating, showing every…
  • ArmrestAn armrest is the raised side section of a sofa that supports the arms and defines the seating area.

B

  • Bonded leatherBonded leather is made from shredded leather scraps bonded to a fabric backing, a budget alternative to real …
  • BoucléBouclé is a looped, textured weave, often in wool or a wool blend, known for its soft, nubbly surface.

C

  • CamelbackA camelback sofa has a back that curves up to a central hump, resembling the shape of a camel's back.
  • Chaise longueA chaise longue is an extended, elongated seat, often forming one end of a sofa, designed to support outstret…
  • ChenilleChenille is woven from a fuzzy, caterpillar like yarn, giving the fabric a soft, slightly ribbed texture.
  • ChesterfieldA Chesterfield is a classic sofa style with rolled arms level with the back and deep button tufted upholstery.
  • Cold foamCold foam is a dense, high resilience polyurethane foam used in sofa cushions for supportive, long lasting co…
  • Corrected-grain leatherCorrected-grain leather has its surface sanded smooth and printed with an artificial grain pattern for a unif…

D

  • DaybedA daybed is a bed sized seating piece with raised sides, used for sitting during the day and sleeping when ne…

F

  • Faux leatherFaux leather is a synthetic material, usually polyurethane or PVC, made to look and feel like real leather.
  • Feather fillingFeather filling uses feathers, often with down, inside cushions for a soft, sink in feel that needs regular p…
  • Foam densityFoam density measures how much a cubic metre of foam weighs, a key indicator of how long a cushion will keep …
  • Full-grain leatherFull-grain leather is the top layer of hide left with its natural grain intact, valued for durability and the…
  • FutonA futon is a thin, foldable mattress on a frame that converts between a sofa and a bed.

L

  • LinenLinen is a natural fibre fabric made from the flax plant, valued for its breathability and relaxed texture.
  • Loose cushionsLoose cushions are separate seat and back cushions that sit on the frame rather than being fixed and upholste…
  • LoveseatA loveseat is a small sofa sized for two people, wider than a single armchair but shorter than a standard thr…

M

  • Martindale testThe Martindale test rubs fabric in figure of eight motions to rate how well an upholstery weave resists wear.
  • Memory foamMemory foam is a viscoelastic foam that softens with body heat and slowly moulds to the shape of the sitter.
  • MicrofibreMicrofibre is a synthetic fabric woven from very fine fibres, prized for its soft feel and stain resistance.

N

  • NubuckNubuck is top-grain leather buffed on the grain side to create a soft, velvety, suede-like nap.

O

  • OttomanAn ottoman is a low, upholstered stool or footstool, often used as extra seating, a footrest, or a coffee tab…

P

  • PatinaPatina is the sheen and softened colour that leather develops naturally over years of use and light.
  • Performance fabricPerformance fabric is upholstery fabric engineered or treated for extra resistance to stains, spills and wear.
  • Pigmented leatherPigmented leather has an opaque colour coating on the surface, making it the most durable and stain resistant…
  • PillingPilling is the small fuzzy balls of fibre that form on a fabric's surface from rubbing and everyday friction.
  • Pocket springsPocket springs are individual coil springs, each in its own fabric pocket, giving support that responds to a …

S

  • Seat depthSeat depth is the distance from the front edge of the cushion to the backrest, affecting comfort and posture.
  • Seat heightSeat height is the distance from the floor to the top of the seat cushion, affecting how easy a sofa is to ge…
  • SectionalA sectional is a sofa made of several separate sections joined together, often including a corner or chaise p…
  • Semi-aniline leatherSemi-aniline leather is dyed through like aniline leather but given a light protective top coat for extra dur…
  • Sinuous springsSinuous springs are continuous S shaped wires run front to back across a sofa frame to support the seat.
  • SlipcoverA slipcover is a fitted or loose fabric cover that fits over a sofa's existing upholstery for protection or a…
  • SuedeSuede is leather made from the underside of the hide, giving it a soft, napped surface that marks and stains …

T

  • Tight backA tight back sofa has its back cushioning permanently upholstered to the frame instead of using loose cushion…
  • Top-grain leatherTop-grain leather is the layer just below full grain, lightly sanded and finished for a more even, consistent…
  • Tuxedo armA tuxedo arm is a squared off, straight armrest set at the same height as the sofa's back, giving a tailored …

V

  • VelvetVelvet is a dense pile fabric with a soft, plush surface that catches and reflects light.